Cristoforo Spinella 6 November 2017
When Melih Gökcek was mayor of the Turkish capital of Ankara, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan appeared on the national stage as Istanbul’s highest ranking official. It was 1994 and victory in the nation’s two most important cities achieved by representatives of political Islam, marked a turning point in the balance of power in a country still largely in the hands of secular elites and governed by the army.