Twenty years later, the idea of a populist Zeitgeist—which Mudde titled his article after—seems less visionary as right-wing and far-right parties proliferate across Europe, both at the national level and within the EU. Some of these parties, like Giorgia Meloni’s Fratelli d’Italia, have risen to power, albeit in coalition, becoming Italy’s leading party with a solid 28.8 percent. Others, such as Marine Le Pen’s Rassemblement National, have gained significant influence, coming third in the French legislative elections, just behind the cordon sanitaire between Macron and the Nouveau Front Populaire.