They are “People of the Book”, and they share the same values as Muslims. And yet, the lives of Christians in the Middle East seem to have become more difficult in recent years. Many emigrate, their numbers dwindle, and their political influence is reduced while threats increase, from Iraq to Egypt and even Turkey. This, to the extent that a few months ago the European Parliament almost unanimously voted a resolution expressing serious condemnation. How do Christians live in the Middle East? What role do they play in societies where there is a Muslim majority?