For the last 1000 years the main joined activity of Europeans had been killing each other. Then came the European Union.  The recent economic crisis and refugee crisis showed a lack of unity and solidarity once again.  All people, not only the elite need to come together, says Spanish sociologist Manuel Castells and actively share practice and solidarity and not just an idea of a united Europe. Otherwise Europe will remain just an ideology.

Interview: Giancarlo Bosetti 

Production and Text Editing: Nina zu Fürstenberg

Video: Volkan Güclü

Video Editing: Anna Fanuele

Istanbul Seminars 2016